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History 12
Stuff ya need to know.
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Here are the notes on Africa that Coral and I never got to present.
ReplyDeleteAfrican Initiatives
End of cold war, Africa must solve its own issues
New human rights organizations
o 1992 health care talks
Dealing with food shortages
o Hardy crops in place of exported for profit
Environmental groups
o 50 000 women tree planting Project
2002 G-8 meeting to support Africa
o NEPAD, 6 billion $ aid for debt relief and trade opportunities
o Africa must commit to democracy
Shout out: CANADA! Promoted NEPAD vigorously and meeting was hosted be Jean Chrétien in Alberta
South Africa and Apartheid
1652 – Dutch
1688 – French
1815 – British (won a war with France)
1834 – Britain outlaws slavery, Boers leave
1843 – Britain annexes Natal (Boers’ Republic)
1867 – Diamonds discovered, Europeans come
1880 – Gold discovered, Europeans come
1899 – War declared between Boers and Britain
1902 – Britain wins
1910 – British Parliament joins colonies into the Union of South Africa
1923 – Urban Areas Act: Separate residential areas for blacks and whites
o Kept the whites in control (10:1 black: white)
o Other laws created to separate races
1948 – Apartheid: 4 categories: White, Black, Coloured, Asian
o It was illegal for different groups cannot mix
o Supported by Dutch Reform Church
o Blacks limited in urban places so they couldn’t form a resistance. They were forced into native homelands with limited self-rule.
African National Congress – Non-violent protest
o Leaders arrested (e.g. Nelson Mandela)
1960, Mar 21 – Police open fire on demonstrators
o Blacks march on white Cape Town
o State of emergency declared
o Public meetings banned, arrests without warrants
Rebels set up in neighbouring countries
South African raids rebels
More demonstrators killed by police and army
South African government eased up on marriages and voting rights, except blacks
More riots
1985 – State of emergency declared